Burmese fight democracy

Burma's military rulers have revealed their intention to eliminate anyone who opposes their authority in the lead-up to the planned elections in two years' time. UPDATE By Larry Jagan

Anyone who poses a challenge to the Burmese regime is being targetted in what may be the biggest crackdown on dissent in the country since the massive pro-democracy demonstrations in 1988, which brought the country to a standstill for months before the army seized power in a military coup.

The courts in Burma have been very busy in the last few weeks as hundreds of dissidents have been put away for decades. In the latest case earlier this week, 14 leading Burmese political activists from the 88 Generation Students group, including five women, were each sentenced to 65 years in jail for their involvement in the monk-led uprising in Burma last year.

These jail terms are only the latest in a series of harsh sentences the Burmese authorities have doled out to many artists, activists, bloggers, journalists and lawyers in the past few weeks.

"The Burmese junta is clearly conducting a major crackdown on all dissent in the country," said Zin Linn, a leading Burmese dissident and former political prisoner, now based in Thailand. "They want to silence all opposition before the planned elections in 2010," he said.

A military-controlled court inside the notorious Insein prison compound sentenced the 14 student leaders to long prison sentences for their support of last year's mass protests, dubbed the Saffron Revolt, against increased fuel prices and rising food costs. Most of them had been detained before the brutal crackdown on the demonstrators in September 2007.

The United Nations says at least 31 people were killed when Burma's military rulers sent in troops to end the mass demonstrations led by columns of saffron-robed, shaven-headed Buddhist monks - the biggest challenge to military since it seized power 20 years ago.

The 14 included Ko Jimmy and his wife, Nilar Thein, who had to abandon her four-month-old daughter when she went into hiding during the September 2007 military crackdown on the protesters. Nilar Thein was eventually arrested two months ago after being on the run for more than a year.

The sentences were handed down behind closed doors - members of their families and the groups' defence lawyers were barred from the court.

"Is this [65 years] all you can do?" one activist, Min Zeya, reportedly shouted at the judge.

Nine other leaders of the group, including the top three - Min Ko Naing, Ko Ko Gyi and Htay Kyew - were recently sentenced to six months in prison for contempt of court. They continuously interrupted court proceedings, shouting down the judge. They refused to accept the court's authority and insisted they would continue to oppose the judicial system using Gandhian tactics of non-violent civil disobedience.

Since the contempt of court conviction, the nine have been moved to Maubin prison in the Irrawaddy delta west of Rangoon, an area devasted by the cyclone in May.

"We fear they will now face harsh treatment at the hands of the authorities there, because it is more isolated and family visits are much more difficult," said Burmese actvist Khin Omar, based in Chiang Mai. "The conditions in the prison for political prisoners are getting worse and worse," she warned.

The group faces more charges in the coming days, with another 20 members likely to be also given heavy sentences for their activities during the protests.

"These convictions are only the tip of the iceberg," said Benjamin Zawacki, the Burma officer for UK-based human rights organisation Amnesty International. Most of them have been held for more than 12 months without trial, and in some cases without being charged, he added. "This probably is only the start of a season of trials and convictions."

Many of the group's members were at the forefront of the mass pro-democracy demonstrations in 1988 and were tortured and given lengthy prison terms after the military coup 20 years ago. The activists resumed political activity after they were freed in November 2004, and have spearheaded the protests against the junta, usually focusing on the country's deteriorating economy.

Many analysts believe that the junta fears the students even more than it does the National League for Democracy (NLD) led by detained oppositon leader Aung San Suu Kyi, which convincingly won the 1990 elections but was never allowed to form a civilian government.

Aung San Suu Kyi has spent most of the last 20 years under house arrest.

"They think they can handle the NLD, but they know they cannot control the students," said a Western diplomat in Bangkok who deals with Burma. "These sentences will leave them in prison well past the election."

Burmese courts have also been handing out harsh sentences on other dissidents this week. The prominent labour rights activist Su Su Nway was sentenced to more than 12 years in jail for her political activities. She served nine months in prison more than two years ago for agitating against forced labour. And 10 members of the NLD from Bogalay in the Irrawaddy delta were also sentenced to between eight and 24 years, said NLD spokesman Nyan Win.

"These sentences are a clear signal to everyone that the regime will not tolerate any opposition in the lead-up to the elections in 2010," said Mr Zawacki.

The sentences for members of the 88 Generation came one day after the jailing of Burma's best-known blogger, Nay Phone Latt, for more than 20 years for publishing a cartoon of the country's top military leader, General Than Shwe, on his website. His trial was held behind closed doors in Insein prison special court, which also sentenced the well-known poet Saw Wai to two years' jail for publishing a poem mocking Than Shwe entitled February 14, which was published in the journal Ah Chit (Love). The first letter of each line in the poem together spelled out "Power Crazy Senior General Than Shwe".

In recent weeks there has also been a spate of lawyers being convicted for contempt of court. At least 10 lawyers who have tried to defend the dissidents have ended up in prison, either for challenging the court on their clients' behalf or because their clients had dismissed them since they were clearly unable to do the job. "It is complete intimidation," said Amnesty's Mr Zawacki. "Lawyers are being punished for being the messenger. The lawyers are clearly being warned, 'You must play by our rules and not by any accepted rules of procedure'," he said.

There are more than 15 journalists, reporters and photographers still in detention awaiting trial, according to the Burma Media Association. Most of them are accused of publishing material on the conditions in the cyclone-devasted area, and pointing out inadequacies of the relief effort.

"The sentencing of the 88 activists and the further arrests in recent days of journalists, bloggers and forced labour complainants, is further evidence of the extent to which conditions in this country are deteriorating in terms of basic political freedoms," said a Western diplomat in Rangoon. "It clearly shows what we can expect in 2010."